| Morphology
Alta-Vista
Multilingual Translator
This
remarkable engine translates entire paragraphs
back and forth between English, French, German, Italian,
Portuguese, and Spanish with remarkable accuracy.
Arabic
Morphological Analyzer
An experimental Java applet
with a built-in keyboard for those
who don't have their own. From Xerox Research Center Europe.
Shape
Schematization in Assamese Classifiers by Jugal K. Kalita
The concept of schematization
has been discussed at length in the context of English spatial
prepositions. In this paper, Kalita shows that the idea of
space schematization also applies to an extended set of classifiers
or enclitical definitives that are found in an Indo-European
language called Assamese.
Austronesian
Language Comparison by Raymond Weisling
A comparison of core vocabulary
of 13 Austronesian languages, including
Indonesian, Javanese, Balinese, Sundanese, Madurese, Sawu,
Toraja,
Tagalog, Maori, Fijian, Hawaiian, Malagasy, and Rapanui.
Allen
and Greenough's New Latin Grammar
An on-line version of the classic
Latin grammar book contributed
and maintained by James O'Donnell.
A
Brief Latin Grammatical Aid
This grammar reference list
presently contains two sections: examples of translations
for the various uses of several noun cases, and the endings
for regular nouns, adjectives, active verbs, and present participles.
Later editions will increase this coverage.
Basque
Tense and Aspect
A substantial treatment of
Tense and Aspect by Basque
with a short bibliography by Martin Haase.
Breton
Conjugation Tables
Sponsored by Sav-heol,
an association based in Rennes which teaches
evening courses and promotes the Breton language.
Bulgarian
Morphological Analyzer
Hristo Krushkov of the University
of Plodiv maintains this morphological analyzer of Bulgarian.
Insert an entire Bulgarian sentence and each word will
be identified and analyzed.
Alternatively, you may enter any two agreeing words and check
their agreement.
Comp-jugador.
A Spanish verb conjugator.
Type in the verb stem and it will be conjugated.
Conjugue
A dictionary and electronic
verb conjugator of 15 different languages: Catalan, Dutch,
English, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Italian, Latin,
Occitan, Old English, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish
and Swedish. An excellent language-learning tool.
Computational
Morphology: Introduction to the ALE-RA System by Colin Matheson
How to run ALE -ra
on the Centre For Cognitive Science/Human Communication Research
Centre machines; also describes briefly the main commands
necessary
to compile lexicon files and view the results.
English
Neologisms
Contains one hundred
'new' words from the Independent newspaper for the
period January to March 1994. The words have been selected
from an original list of 11,699 types which were identified
as being new by filtering software developed by the University
of Liverpool Research and Development Unit for English Studies
during the AVIATOR Project, 1990 - 1993.
The
Ergative State of Early Proto-Indo-European by Hans-Joachim
Alscher
Examines briefly the
syntactic structure, the origin of the case system and verbal
affixes in Proto-Indo-European. If the link doesn't work,
try here.
French
Conjugation
You insert the infinitive
and select the verbal tense, voice, and mood, and the INFL
analyzer will give you the conjugation. The INFL analyzer
is a licensed product of the MultiLingual Theory and Technology
team at the Rank Xerox Research Center in Grenoble,
France made available to ARTFL through a technology exchange
agreement. The principal developers of INFL are Lauri Karttunen
and Annie Zaenen.
French
Morphological Analyzer
The ARTFL Project: morphological
analysis using the INFL analyzer allows you to enter one or
more French words (lower case only, no punctuation) at the
prompt and returns the context-free morphological analysis
for each term.
GERTWOL
German Morphological Analyzer
There isn't much information
about the analyzer on the site but it seems to work well.
Greek
Morphological Analyzer
The Perseus Project: morphological
analysis using the morphological analyzer allows you to enter
one or more Greek words in Latin transliteration at the prompt
and returns the morphological analysis for each term.
Hebrew
Verb Conjugations
A table of the simplest
verb structure conjugation. Displayed the past tense of "Binyan
Kal". The root *ktv 'to write' is conjugated in both
genders, singular and plural.
Hindi
Full-Text Search (Hindi-Japanese)
Type in a word and its inflectional
type and this analyzer will give you all the
appropriate forms (I think). This page is in Japanese and
requires Japanese fonts.
Hindi
Morphological Analyzer (Tagger)
Type in a phrase or word and
this analyzer will identify the parts of speech and their
morphological functions. Written by Vasu Renganathan of the
University of Pennsylvania.
How
Similar are Estonian and Finnish?
This article by Eugene
Holman of the University of Helsinki discusses the
declensions and conjugations of both languages.
Hyperlex
CELEX Morphological Analyzer of English
This search engine provides
morphological analysis and information from
a data base provided by CELEX.
Introduction
to German Grammar
A temporary resource for
learning beginning German or reviewing German provided by
Gary Smith of William & Mary. It contains the basic paradigms
of nouns, adjective, and verbs.
Italian
Clitics
Paola Monachesi is a post
doc at the Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft at the University
of Tübingen. It contains her dissertation and several
articles on Italian clitics which may be downloaded.
Japanese
Honorifics
Honorific pronouns and
affixes by Robert Matthews from a posting by Steve Pearl.
Latin
Parser and Translator
A beta or developers copy
of a Visual Basic program which Adam McLean designed to assist
people in translating from Latin into English. I am making
this available in the hope that it might help people undertake
some translations (download).
Rolf
Noyer, Features, Positions and Affixes in Autonomous Morphological
Structure
Dissertation abstract.
This thesis develops a theory of the mapping from the output
of syntactic rules to the input to phonology within a component
of Morphology. Three types
of information are shown to be independently manipulable in
the algorithm
deriving fully inflected words: morphosyntactic features,
phonological
material (affixes), and positions-of-exponence.
Xerox
Research Corporation's Morphological Analyzer for English,
French,
Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Dutch, and German
These finite-state analyzers
have been compiled using two-level morphology
rules.
These morphological analyzers are also used in XRCE's part-of-speech
taggers.
The
Roots of Mambila: Convergence and divergence in the
development of Mambila by Bruce Connell
This paper shows that Mambila
comprises two major dialect clusters, though the division
is not that envisaged by previous researchers. This paper
provides evidence of a new division among Mambila dialects
and then explores the relative roles of divergence and convergence
in Mambila and what the Mambila situation can tell us about
the dynamics
of language change more generally.
Study
Guide to Wheelock's Latin Grammar
This study guide by Dale
Grote of UNC Charlotte has been converted to HTML by Tony
Jebson.
It contains many conjugation and declension paradigms to supplement
Wheelock.
(The original resides at Wiretap.)
Spanish
Morphological Analyzer (Licensed)
This C/C++ morphological
analyzer that makes use of the ARIES Spanish lexical interface
listed on the same page. This permits to improve efficiency
by integrating word segmentation with lexical access also.
By now, it is a (pseudo)-unification chart based parser for
context-free morphological grammars.
Sur
la dérivation des mots en -able-ible et -uble
en Français
The table of contents,
introduction, and conclusion of a larger work by Michel Billard-Sirakawa
published by Le Centre de Ressources et de Maintenance en
Logiciels d'Orleans. This site includes a bibliography and
a list of other publications of the center.
Swahili
Noun Classes
A preliminary report
by Ellen Contini-Morava on a two-phase study of the semantics
and syntax of noun classification in Swahili. Phase I, the
topic of the present paper, is an investigation of the semantic
structure of the noun classes, from a cognitive-semantic perspective.
Turkish
Morphological Analyzer
Developed using the
two-level transducer technology developed by Xerox.
It can process about 900 forms/sec on Sparc station 10/41,
though industrial strength versions of the SW work significantly
faster. This implementation of Turkish
uses about 30,000 Turkish root words.
Turkish
Morphological Analyzer
You
may download the executable
Ural-Altaic
Language Page
A comparative study of all
the morphological features of the Uralic and Altaic languages.
Welsh
Conjugational Endings and Irregular Forms
The appendix of an on-line
Welsh grammar by Mark Nodine.
The rest of the grammar may be accessed through the built-in
buttons.
Word
Manager
Word Manager is a system
for the acquisition and management of reusable morphological
and phrasal dictionaries. It has a knowledge acquisition component
and a knowledge representation which enable a more flexible
use than typical finite-state systems.
WordNet
An on-line lexical reference
system whose design is inspired by current theories of human
lexical memory. English nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
are organized into synonym sets, each representing one underlying
lexical concept. Different relations link the synonym sets.
Word
Frequency Indexer
A very useful script
that analyzes text you put in for word (token) frequency.
Word
Order and Negation in Nahuatl: A Cross Dialect Study
An exploration of the rich
variation in word order (non-configurationalty)
of the Nahuatl language written in the framework of Chomsky's
Principles and Parameters.
XTAG
Tree Adjoining Parser
An on-going project
to develop a wide-coverage grammar for English using a feature-based
and lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar formalism. XTAG also
serves as an system for the development of TAGs and consists
of a predictive left-to-right parser, an X-windows interface,
a morphological analyzer, and a part-of-speech tagger (download).
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